Peri Dermatitis

Chemical Irritant Contact Dermatitis (CICD) can be subdivided into acute and chronic ICD which is usually associated with strong and weak irritants respectively (HSE MS24)[4]. The following definition is provided by Mathias and Maibach (1978):[5] a nonimmunologic local inflammatory reaction characterized by erythema, edema, or corrosion following single or repeated application of a chemical substance to an identical cutaneous site. The mechanism of action varies between toxins. Detergents, surfactants, extremes of pH and organic solvents all have the common effect of directly affecting the barrier properties of the epidermis. These include removing fat emulsion, inflicting cellular damage on the epithelium, or increasing the transepidermal water loss by damaging the horny layer water-binding mechanisms and damaging the DNA which causes the layer to thin. As suggested previously, strong concentrations of irritants cause an acute effect, but this is not as common as the accumulative, chronic effect of weaker irritants whose deleterious effects build up with subsequent doses (ESCD 2006).

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